Automobiles Fuel and Energy Sources

To run, automobiles use a variety of fuels and energy sources. Here’s an overview of the main types:
1. Fossil Fuels
Gasoline (Petrol) – Most common fuel for internal combustion engines (ICE).
Diesel – More energy-dense than gasoline, used in trucks, buses, and some cars.
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) & Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) – Cleaner alternatives to gasoline and diesel, used in taxis, fleets, and some personal vehicles.
2. Fuels from other sources Ethanol (E85) – Biofuel blended with gasoline, commonly used in flex-fuel vehicles.
Biodiesel – Made from vegetable oils or animal fats, used in diesel engines with minimal modifications.
Hydrogen (Fuel Cell Vehicles – FCEV) – Generates electricity through a chemical reaction, with only water vapor as emissions.
3. Electrification
Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) – Fully electric, powered by rechargeable batteries, with zero tailpipe emissions (e.g., Tesla, Nissan Leaf).
Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) – Combine a gasoline engine with an electric motor for better fuel efficiency (e.g., Toyota Prius).
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) – Like HEVs but can be charged externally and run on electricity for a limited range before switching to gasoline (e.g., Toyota RAV4 Prime).
4. Emerging Technologies
Solar-powered automobiles, which use solar panels to generate electricity, are still in the early stages of development. Synthetic fuels (E-fuels) – Produced using renewable energy, aiming to replace fossil fuels in ICE vehicles without modifications.
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